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Henryk Siemiradzki was a Polish Academic painter from the Russian Empire, who was particularly known for his depictions of scenes from the ancient Graeco-Roman world and the New Testament.

Henryk was born to a Polish szlachta family of a military physician in the village of Novobelgorod (now Pechenegi) near Kharkov, Ukraine. He studies at Kharkov Gymnasium where he learned painting under a scion of Karl Briullov, D. I. Besperchy. He entered the Physics-Mathematics School of Kharkov University but continues his painting lessons from Bespechy.

After graduating from the University with the degree of Kandidat he abandoned his scientific career and moved to Saint Petersburg to study painting at the Imperial Academy of Arts in the years 1864-1870. Which he graduated with a large gold medal. Then in 1870-1871 on a grant from the Academy, he studied under Karl von Piloty in Munich. In 1871 he moved to Rome, while spending summers at his estate in Strzałkowo, near Czestochowa in Poland.

In 1873 he received the title of an Academician of the Imperial Academy of Arts for his painting Christ and a Sinner on a verse by Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy. In 1876-1879 Semiradsky worked on frescoes for the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour (Moscow). In 1879, Henryk offered one of his best-known works, the enormous Pochodnie Nerona (Nero's torches), painted 1876, to the fledgelings Polish National Museum in Krakow. In 1893 he worked on two large paintings for the State Historical Museum (Moscow). His works are exhibited in the museums of Poland, Russia and Ukraine.

He died in Strzałkowo in 1902. Originally he was buried in Warsaw but later his remains were moved to the national Pantheone on Skałka in Kraków.

His paintings very often depicted scenes from antiquity, commonly sunlit utopian scenes or compositions presenting the lives of early Christians. He also painted biblical and historical scenes, landscapes, and portraits. His well known works also include the painted curtains for the J. Słowacki theatre in Krakow, and for the Lviv theatre.

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